Events in Travancore History [Chera / Venad / Travancore]
A.D.
The first five centuries of the Christian era was the period of the first Chera Empire. This period is also known as the Sangam Age.
Chera Empire |
| A.D. 50 – 100 | King Perinchottuthiyan Cheralathan |
| A.D. 52 – 110 | King Imayavarampan Neducheralathan |
| A.D. 52 | St. Thomas the apostle of Christ arrives at Kodungalloor (Cranganore) |
| A.D. 77 | Pliny’s Natural History (mention about Kottar) |
| A.D. 81 – 100 | The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (mention about Kottar) |
| A.D. 100 – 125 | King Palanai Sel Kezhu Kuttuvan |
| A.D. 110 – 135 | Kalanay Kanni Narmuti Cheral |
| A.D. 125 – 180 | King Cheran Senkuttuvan |
| A.D. 135 – 173 | King Alukotpattu Cheralathan |
| A.D. 150 | Ptolemy’s Geography (mention about places in Kanyakumari District) |
| A.D. 165 – 190 | King Selvakatunko Azhi Athan |
| A.D. 185 – 201 | King Ilancheral Irumporai |
| A.D. 185 – 202 | King Perumcheral Irumporai |
| A.D. 219 – 250 | King Yanaikatchey Mantharam Cheral Irumporai |
| The period from the 6th Century to the 9th Century A.D. is known as the dark period. There no sufficient evident for the events of that period. |
| A.D. 800 – 1102 | The reign of Kulasehara Kings of the Second Chera Empire with Capital at Mahodayapuram (Cranganoreor / Kodungalur) |
| A.D. 800 – 820 | King Kulasekhara Alwar |
| A.D. 820 – 844 | King Rajasekhara Varma |
| A.D. 844 – 885 | King Sthanu Ravivarma |
| A.D. 849 | The Tharissappalli Inscription which states, the king of Venad, Ayyan Atikal grants some land to a Christian Church near Quilon) |
| A.D. 885 – 917 | King Ramavarma Kulasekhara |
| A.D. 917 – 944 | King Goda Ravivarma |
| A.D. 944 – 962 | King Indu Kothavarma |
| A.D. 988 – 1005 | The Chola King Raja Raja Chola invades the Chera Kingdom (1st Chera – Chola war) |
| A.D. 962 – 1019 | King Bhaskara Ravi Varman 1 |
| A.D. 1014 – 1019 | The Chola King Rajendra Chola invades Kerala (2nd Chera – Chola war) |
| A.D. 1019 – 1021 | King Bhaskara Ravi Varma II |
| A.D. 1022 – 1028 | King Veera Kerala |
| A.D. 1028 – 1043 | King Raja Simha |
| A.D. 1043 – 1082 | King Bhaskara Ravi Varma III |
| A.D. 1034 – 1036 | 3rd Chera – Chola War |
| A. D. 1082 – 1090 | King Ravi Rama Varma |
| A.D. 1090 – 1102 | King Rama Varma Kulasekhara |
| A.D. 1075 – 1102 | 4th Chera – Chola War |
Venad Kingdom |
| * Fall and Destruction of Mahodyapuram. * Rama Varma Kulasekahara shifted the capital from Mahodyapuram to Quilon, which was the capital of Venad, a principality under the Cheras. * Rama Varma Kulasekhara with the help of a suicide squad, defeated the Chola army. * As the capital was shifted from Mahodyapuram to Quilon, marked the dissolution of Second Chera Empire. * Venad rose as a powerful Kingdom |
| Venad with Quilon as Capital |
| A.D. 1102 – 1125 | King Kothavarma |
| A.D. 1125 – 1155 | King Veera Kerala Varma Renovation of Sri Padmanabha Swami Temple at Trivandrum |
| A.D. 1155 – 1165 | King Veera Ravi Varma |
| A.D. 1165 – 1175 | King Aditya Varma |
| A.D. 1175 – 1195 | King Udaya Marthanda Varma |
| A.D. 1195 – 1205 | King Veera Rama Varma |
| A.D. 1205 – 1215 | King Veera Rama Kerala Varma |
| A.D. 1215 – 1240 | King Ravi Kerala Varma |
| A.D. 1240 – 1253 | King Padmanabha Marthanda Varma |
| * The history of Venad from A.D. 1253 – 1299 is not clear. * A powerful King Jayasimha is said to be the ruler of Venad at that time. * Venad was also called as Desinganad, which derived its name after Jayasimha. |
| A.D. 1299 – 1313 | King Ravi Varma Kulasekahara He was a Great warrior. He defeated the Chola and Pandya Kings and expanded the kingdom almost the whole of South India) |
| A.D. 1314 – 1344 | King Veera Udhaya Marthanda Varma |
| A.D. 1344 – 1350 | King Veera Kerala Varma |
| A.D. 1350 – 1376 | King Eravi Eravi Varma |
| A.D. 1376 – 1383 | King Aditya Varma Sarvanganathan |
| A.D. 1383 – 1444 | King Chera Udhaya Marthanda Varma |
| A.D. 1444 – 1458 | King Ravi Varma |
| A.D. 1458 – 1469 | King Virarama Marthanda Varma Kulasekhara |
| A.D. 1469 – 1484 | King Kotha Atitya Varma |
| A.D. 1484 – 1512 | King Ravi Ravi Varma |
| A.D. 1516 – 1535 | King Bhutala Veera Udhaya Marthanda Varma |
| A.D. 1541 | Arrival of St. Francis Xaviour |
| A.D. 1535 – 1545 | King Veera Kerala Varma |
| A.D. 1545 – 1556 | King Rama Varma |
| A.D. 1592 | Formation of Dutch East India Company |
| A.D. 1600 | Formation of English East India Company |
| A.D. 1611 – 1663 | King Ravi Varma |
| A.D. 1634 | The forces of Thirumala Nayak of Madurai invade Venad. Death of Eravikkutty Pillai, the Chief of army of Venad in the war. |
| A.D. 1644 | The British establish their factory at Vizhinjam at Venad |
| A.D. 1672 – 1677 | King Aditya Varma |
| A.D. 1677 – 1684 | Queen Umayamma Rani |
| * By now, the Venad has shrunk to a small size. * Kalkulam was the Capital of Venad. * Mukilan, a Mughal invader was chased away and was killed in the war. * Umayamma Rani got assistance from Kerala Varma, the Raja of Kottayam, in administration. * Kerala Varma abolished the social evils such as Pulappedi and Munnarppedi |
| A.D. 1684 – 1718 | King Ravi Varma |
| A.D. 1697 | Narasappayya of Madurai invades Travancore |
Travancore Kingdom |
| * Venad was hereafter known as Thiruvithamcode or Thiruvitamcore * Travancore is the anglicised for of Thiruvithancore. * By the 18th Century, the name Travancore became more popular than Venad. |
| A.D. 1718 – 1721 | King Aditya Varma |
| A.D. 1721 – 1729 | King Rama Varma |
| A.D. 1729 – 1758 | King Marthanda Varma |
| A.D. 1735 – 1757 | Ramayyan Dalawa – Marthanda Varma’s able minister. |
| A.D. 1741, August 01 | King Marthanda Varma defeats the Dutch at Colachel. |
| A.D. 1742 | King Marthanda Varma captures the Dutch fort at Quilon and the virtual collapse of the Dutch in India |
| A.D. 1746 | King Marthanda Varma annexe Kayamkulam and Ambalapuzha to Travancore |
| A.D. 1749 – 1750 | King Marthanda Varma annexe Thekkumkur and Vadakkumkur to Travancore |
| A.D. 1750 | King Marthanda Varma dedicates his expanded Kingdom of Travancore to Sri Padmanabha, the deity of Sri Padmanabha Swami Temple |
| A.D. 1757 | King Marthanda Varma and Raja of Cochin enter into a treaty against the Zamorin |
| A.D. 1758 – 1798 | King Karthika Thirunal Rama Varma (Dharma Raja) |
| A.D. 1762 – 1763 | The Zamorin withdraws from Alangad, Parur and Trichur before the joint forces of Travancore – Cochin |
| A.D. 1789 | The Dutch sell Kodungallur and Ayakkotta to Travancore King |
| A.D. 1789 – 1790 | War between the Travancore army and Tippu Sultan. Tippu leaves Kerala. |
| A.D. 1795 | Treaty between the British and the Travancore Raja |
| A.D. 1798 – 1810 | King Bala Rama Varma I |
| A.D. 1801 – 1809 | Velu Thampi as the Divan of Travancore |
| A.D. 1808 – 1809 | Velu Thampi’s war with the British, His Kundra Proclamation, His Martyrdom |
| A.D. 1810 – 1815 | Queen Rani Gouri Lakshmi Bai |
| A.D. 1810 | Col. Munro becomes the Resident of Travancore and Cochin |
| A.D. 1811 | Col. Munro also takes charge as the Divan of Travancore |
| A.D. 1815 – 1829 | Queen Rani Gouri Parvathi Bai |
| A.D. 1829 – 1847 | King Swathi Thirunal |
| A.D. 1834 | Establishment of First English school at Trivandrum |
| A.D. 1836 | Establishment of Observatory at Trivandrum |
| A.D. 1847 – 1860 | King Utram Thirunal Marthanda Varma |
| A.D. 1853 | Abolition of Slavery in Travancore and Cochin |
| A.D. 1853 | Establishment of Museum and Zoo at Trivandrum |
| A.D. 1860 – 1880 | King Ayilyam Thirunal |
| A.D. 1866 | Maharaja’s Arts College (Now University College) started at Trivandrum |
| A.D. 1880 – 1885 | King Visakham Thirunal Rama Varma |
| A.D. 1882 | Establishment of the High Court at Travancore |
| A.D. 1885 – 1924 | King Sree Moolam Thirunal |
| A.D. 1888 | Legislative council established in Travancore |
| A.D. 1924 – 1931 | Queen Rani Sethu Lakshmi Bai |
| A.D. 1931 – 1949 | King Sri Chitra Thirunal Balarama Varma |
| A.D. 1936 | Temple entry proclamation in Travancore |
| A.D. 1947 | Travancore joins the India Union |
| A.D. 1949 | Formation of the Union of Travancore – Cochin State |
| A.D. 1954 | Travancore Government introduced “Double Decker” bus service from Trivandrum to Nagercoil and vice versa |
| A.D. 1956, November 1 | Kanyakumari District separated from Travancore and merged with Tamil Nadu State |
Known facts about Events in Travancore is given here.
ERRORS & OMISSIONS EXCEPTED…. PLEASE EXCUSE….
